uk forest fire prevention mascot

osha.gov but use sand instead. from left to right) so it is clear who is who. Certain weather causes forest fires by itself, but human activities aggravate the situation even more. These fires often reach the proportions of a major conflagration and are sometimes begun by combustion and heat from surface and ground fires. Costume Categories. A mere sparkle from the overheated engine, poorly greased bearings, dragging safety chains, or worn-out tires can lead to wildfires, too. Advertising Notice 3. hydrangea pink avalanche 29th June 2022. The wind spreads the fire rapidly, causing significant air pollution. Smokey Bear, the recognizable mascot of wildfire prevention in the United States, turns 75 Thursday. Comments have been closed on this article. He didnt wear clothes, he lived in a forest, and he built dams like any of his real counterparts. The UK Fire Association. manchester city council environment contact number; 415 417 south 10th street philadelphia, pa; the lodge in runwell, wickford Natureculturesis a weekly column that explores the changing relationshipsbetween humanity and wilder things. Fire prevention is no place for biodiversity. (Favorite Twitter exchange in recent days: Smokey and Ian Somerhalder from "Lost."). Introduced in 1968 by the Bureau of Land Management, Johnny won hearts and minds from coast to coast. Through GOMA, Howdy soon had a new batch of fans, along with his own monthly magazine (he was also billed first in a 30-minute film. Public-service mascots Smokey, Woodsy take a bow. These will either be leisure activities or deliberate acts. Noted cartoonist Ed Nofziger, who drew characters such as Mister Magoo as well as workingfor companies like Hanna-Barbera and magazines like The New Yorker, also created the character Joe Beaver. The coolest non-cat in town. August 4, 2014. Oct. 15, 2010 8 First, and perhaps most important, don't call him Smokey the Bear. Lit cigarettes or matches can be the source of dry grass ignition. The U.S. Forest Service, the War Advertising Council, and the Association of State Foresters joined efforts to launch the Cooperative Forest Fire Prevention (CFFP) program to produce educational posters and slogans. Human-started wildfires expand the fire niche across the United States. What is a Smoke Jumper?-A wildland firefighter who parachutes into a remote area to combat wildfires.-Usually and most often deployed to fires that are very remote 10.What has been the impact of fire suppression?-Worse fires because fire is actually normal and required in order to prevent bigger ones in the future. Report unattended fires to the bodies of forest fire prevention and control. Although all were eventually defeated by Smokey and his sidekick, Woodsy Owl, they still have things to teach us. Smokey Bear (also sometimes called Smokey the Bear) is a mascot of the United States Forest Service.He was made to teach people that forest fires are dangerous and how people can prevent them. Smokey Bear is easily the most famous fire prevention mascot, and he has been featured in the longest running PSA campaign in American history. Where the changing climate has brought drier conditions, this land is primed to spark easily. The ashes provide nutrients boosting soil fertility. Not only did Woody appear on promotional items and road signs, but in the 1950s, he was featured in comic books and on greeting cards. The current-day analog that I like to point out is, here in the South youll pass barbecue restaurant signs on which youll see a pig pouring barbecue sauce on himself and smiling, says Lewis. I've always enjoyed public-service advertising mascots more than commercial ones. In 1950, when a black bear cub was rescued from a burning forest in New Mexico, he was named Smokey and sent to Washington, D.C., where he lived at the National Zoo. This photographer took on Berlin's entire U-Bahn network, one station at a time. Hes got the baggy pants, the high-top shoes, and the hat he sometimes wears backwards. An early draft of Spunky, in which hes a bit more square, was returned to artist Rudy Wendelin with the note This one is OK if we needed a Grandpa Squirrel., Nice try, Gramps. The Fire Wolf only appeared in print ads, and unlike Smokey Bear and Woody, he never gained much traction with the public. Smokey lived until 1976 and never had children, although he unofficially "adopted" a cub named Little Smokey. Old Smokey Bear, the 26 year old bear who became one of the nation's most famous animals as the symbol of fire prevention campaigns, died 11/8 in his sleep in the National Zoo. Johnny Horizon shows off his signature stride. can lead to spate conditions for such fires. But some fire-prevention experts think its impossible to separate Smokey from the old notion that its up to us to tame fire. The combination of dead vegetation which builds up over the win. After the Guberif, when agencies sought to shame people out of burning down the forest, they generally refrained from inventing new species. It is typical for some farms and especially households to burn leaves, crop residues, and other agricultural wastes. In this spirit, Howdy was named by first grader John Hoyes, who won a contest that drew thousands of entries. Report unattended fires to the bodies of forest fire prevention and control. He's the only fictional character whose autobiography I'd like to buy. In one image, theyre all holding hands: Please folks, Smokey says, holding his charges close, be extra careful this year! As Pyne sees it, Theres two of them, so they could educate about lighting fires and fighting fires, a modern understanding of fires, both good and bad. Never burn household wastes when any regulations of wildfire prevention policy prohibit it. The constant fear was, as people drove through the woods, they would flick their cigarette butts out the window, says Lewis. Exhaust temperature is often high enough to set dry grass or straw on fire, with potential danger to nearby forests. But in the 1930s and 40s, a steady increase in forest fires forced officials to confront the dangers of indulging in all of these activities at once. The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council is the main funding body for engineering and physical sciences research in the UK. He also has a commemorative stamp and his own Smokey Bear Historical Park. Her expertise and constant desire to learn and perfect her programming skills, especially in working with Python, has been most beneficial for EOS Data Analytics. Natalia Ivanchuk holds a Masters degree in Applied Mathematics (2013) from the National University of Water and Environmental Engineering. According to the US Forest Service, nearly 7.5 million acres are lost to wildfires across the United States yearly, with a risk of damage to every state. Environmentalists see small reforestation pilot sites around the capital of Amman as a first step to a greener future. Today, the Ad Council estimates that 96 percent of adults recognize himthe sort of ratings usually reserved for Mickey Mouse and the president. Controlled fires help to prevent large-scale, out-of-control bushfires by clearing dry leaves, grasses and branches that could fuel a potential fire, in a controlled way. First, and perhaps most important, don't call him Smokey the Bear. Privacy Statement Furthermore, humans are to blame for the fire season prolongation: wildfires duration has extended more than thrice. Baykidsmuseum.org. They needed, in the words of AFA leader Hank DeBruin, a young dynamic City Squirrel, I love Spunky because hes ahead of the curve, says Lewis. Back in 1941, faced with the threat of federal regulation and increasing criticism, the American Forest Products Industry (AFPI) decided to form a public relations program. Photo taken July 11, 1974. After the war, Woody evolved primarily into an advocate of forest fire prevention and, like the Guberif (see below), became a symbol for the national Keep America Green Movement. Two years later, Forest Service artist Rudy Wendelin. Then Disney temporarily loaned Bambiwho had been introduced in 1942to the effort, and the public started listening. A campaign began in 1944 featuring Smokey and the slogan "Smokey Says - Care Will Prevent 9 out of 10 Forest Fires". During the Agrivision-2023 conference on Agriculture and Rural Development, EOS Data Analytics was awarded for its ability to impact farmers livelihoods with a Business Innovator Award. It depicted a bear pouring a bucket of water on a campfire and saying Care will prevent 9 out of 10 fires. Smokey Bear soon became very popular as his image appeared on a variety of forest fire prevention materials. But Smokey wasnt always alone in his publicly fire-hating ways. Sadly, the anthropogenic factor is by far the main culprit of the catastrophic losses, which demands various wildfire prevention strategies. The constant fear was, as people drove through the woods, they would flick their cigarette butts out the window, says Lewis. Smokey was created to speak to a generation shaped by fear of war. Joe Beaver first appeared in a publication for the Otsego Forest Cooperator in Cooperstown, N.Y., where Nofziger was stationed. Traditionally, the First Nations People of Australia used fire to manage the landscape, encourage new growth and help them hunt. The importance of wildfire prevention is best illustrated with overwhelming statistics. Don't start bonfires when the weather is windy. (Called Smokey the Bear to improve the rhythm, it led to decades of confusion over the characters name.) Research by Sonya Maynard, This article is a selection from the July/August issue of Smithsonian magazine. Often, firefighters from across the country will be deployed to deal with just one in a different part of the country, depending on its severity. A much cultier classic, Sam Sprucetrees tale was written by Consolidated Papers, Inc., a Wisconsin paper company that hoped to convince savvy 70s readers that itscutting practices were good for the environment. Offer subject to change without notice. Still, Pyne dreams of a replacement. With him, there is no question that fires are bad, and that individual citizens are responsible.. Forest Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Wildfires Caused by Agricultural Activities, Forest Fire Prevention and EOSDA Forest Monitoring, Deforestation & Greenhouse Gases: Why Do Forests Matter, Selective Logging: Methods, Specifics, And Impacts, Prescribed Burn: How To Do Controlled Fires Safely, Forest Management: How To Plan & Implement, Timber Harvesting: Its Methods, Stages & Implementation, Sustainable Forestry Management & Entailed Practices, Clear-Cutting Pros & Cons And Its Effects On Forests, Palm Oil Deforestation: Adverse Effects & Ways to Stop, Tree Diseases: How To Identify Them And Protect Forest, Reforestation: A New Breath For People And Earth, Deforestation & Forest Fires In Brazilian Amazon. 2023 Atlas Obscura. Bay Area Discovery Museum, 557 McReynolds Road, Sausalito. ", Smokey Bear and Woodsy Owl are the focus of "Home Sweet Home," a new exhibition at the Bay Area Discovery Museum in Sausalito, where they'll make multiple appearances in the next three months. On January 3, EOS SAT-1, the initial satellite of the first agri-focused satellite constellation launched by a remote sensing company, was delivered into a low Earth orbit by SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS The effects of forest fire prevention are apparent. ), An ad from 1946.Forest History Society via Flickr// CC BY-NC 2.0. Ranger Walter Beaudoin, owner-trainer, had the claws removed by a veterinary surgeon so no child could be accidentally hurt as he takes the gentle cub around to schools to dramatize his forest fire prevention work. Sign up for our newsletter and enter to win the second edition of our book. Driving off-road in nature, within the proximity of dry crop residue and forests, demands extreme caution in terms of wildfire prevention. General monitoring of water stress in the selected AOI and its separate stands is an additional beneficial practice to prevent wildfire. Sam himself goes on to describe his situationIm about to be sliced into pulpwood, he explainsand to relay the travails and triumphs of his woody life, including facing down a forest fire, which looks like a four-footed octopus. (Images: If any mascot came close to taking over for Smokey, it was Johnny Horizona clean-cut, square-jawed ranger whose love of country showed through his kind eyes and his strong hands, which seemed to constantly point downwards at the land. Forest History Society via Flickr // CC BY-NC 2.0. Illustrator Albert Staehle drew the first Smokey Bear. If you already found the answer for Fire prevention mascot 7 little words then head over to the main post to see other daily puzzle answers. By 2011, the average number of acres burned by wildfire each year had dropped from 22 million in 1944 to just 6.6 million. Like us on Facebook to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders. A lock ( However, this method has significant disadvantages regarding forest fire prevention, too. Have something you want covered (or uncovered)? Dont start bonfires when the weather is windy. This picture from our archives shows the fire safety mascoton a visit to Tonge Moor County Primary School in 1985. A big forest fire may crownthat is, spread rapidly through the topmost branches of the trees before involving undergrowth or the forest floor. Mi cuenta; Carrito; Finalizar compra But what if Smokey was actually wrong about that? Winner will be selected at random on 04/01/2023. 07720 464 589. uk forest fire prevention mascot. The firefighters who retrieved him were so moved by his bravery, they named him Smokey.News about this real bear named Smokey spread across the Nation, and he was soon given a new home at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. Artist Albert Staehle was asked to paint the first poster of Smokey Bear. She teaches different programming languages (C++, C#, JS, among others) at the said university. It is important that we continue to promote these adverts as our local businesses need as much support as possible during these challenging times. Your response has been sent to our editors. Your Privacy Rights We appreciate the time youve taken to respond, and we hope to hear from you again soon. Two years later Steve Nelson and Jack Rollins, the songwriting team behind Frosty the Snowman, wrote an ode to Smokey. forest fire, uncontrolled fire occurring in vegetation more than 1.8 metres (6 feet) in height. NFCC Wildfire lead Paul Hedley on BBC Breakfast (June 2020), National Fire Chiefs Council Limited, West Midlands Fire Service Headquarters, 99 Vauxhall Road, Birmingham, B7 4HWRegistered in England as a Limited Company: No 3677186Registered in England as a Charity: No: 1074071VAT Registration No: GB902195446, West Midlands Fire Service Headquarters, 99 Vauxhall Road, Birmingham, B7 4HWRegistered in England as a Limited Company: No 3677186Registered in England as a Charity: No: 1074071VAT Registration No: GB902195446. (The Forest History Societys blog, Peeling Back the Bark, has a running series profiling many of them.) Smokey was created during World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor. And who wants to see a 1977 Burt Reynolds movie called "Sheriff Buford T. Justice and the Bandit"? I have a small gripe with the new commercials, which present Smokey as a computer-animated character. Solution: SMOKEY. The Munduruku people in the state of Par, Brazil, are suffering from the detrimental effects of gold mining that poisons the soil and local rivers. Please add your goals, features that would best suit your needs, preferred contact date and time, and other useful information. Consider supporting our work by becoming a member for as little as $5 a month. . A small creature with a large name, a cute hat, and a flannel shirt, Howdy was introduced in 1959 by the Pennsylvania Forestry Association, and went on to have a brief but illustrious career in litter prevention and outdoor etiquette. Taking these risks into consideration, it is necessary to develop wildfire prevention techniques. Local popularity led the Forest Service to take the cartoon national, and Joe Beaver soon appeared in trade journals and other publications across the United States. Below you will find the solution for: Fire prevention mascot 7 Little Words which contains 6 Letters. Only 16% of the US wildfires occur due to natural forces like lightning, and the striking 84%Jennifer K. Balcha, Bethany A. Bradleyc, John T. Abatzogloue, R. Chelsea Nagya, Emily J. Fuscod, Adam L. Mahood. Smokey Bear had 25,471 Facebook friends as of Wednesday afternoon 20,000 more than Matt Lauer. This will ensure safety when working with potentially dangerous tools. Between the 1930s and 1950s, the average number of annual wildfires in the United States decreased by over 40,000. By 1944, the character Woody was created for an advertising campaign and was used to symbolize proper forest management and forest products; additionally, his image was sometimes used to drum up support for the war effort. In particular, ways to prevent wildfires with flammable substances comprise: The newly-released EOSDA product EOSDA Forest Monitoring can be helpful as a part of a wildfire prevention plan as well as forest monitoring to understand forest productivity, address tree diseases, identify deforestation trends (palm oil deforestation in particular), etc. Depending on the task at hand, remote sensing can be carried out at low, medium, or high spatial resolutions. But Howdy, too, lost the limelight, perhaps because of Woodsy Owlwhose slogan, Give A Hoot, Dont Pollute was somewhat more memorable than Howdys unwieldy surname. He is given away free." Smokey is not any agency's mascot and shouldn't be treated as such. To reflect this, the nonprofit American Forestry Organization developed an Urban Forestry Program, focused on teaching people how to care for trees closer to home. , from around 1978, seems to be going for the same kind of thing, but through a slightly different lens. An ad from 1945. With the timber supply being threatened by fires, forest industry groups opted to try to educate people about fire prevention. Hartlaub and columnist Heather Knight co-created the Total SF podcast and event series, engaging with locals to explore and find new ways to celebrate San Francisco and the Bay Area. Since 1947, Smokey has often been accompanied in posters by two cuddly cubs. should animals perform in circuses balanced argument Navigation. HP10 9TY. For more information on what cookies are and how you can manage and remove them click here. Zones with high water stress do not always signal a forest fire threat. Announced in the 1965 Keep California Green newsletter Keep Greener, cartoon logger Cal Green briefly served as a symbol of the California timber industry as well as a regional figure for fire prevention in what was a growing national movement. It is a coypu (nutria) which can serve as fire brigade (yellow fire resistant jacket and helmet), park . As forest fires continue to spread and become a justified concern for many land and homeowners across the US, there are ways we can reduce fuel available to fires. UK Fires is a collaboration between the universities of Cambridge, Oxford, Nottingham, Bath and Imperial College London. Woody was perfect for the joba round peg in a round hole, if you willand by the 1950s, he was everywhere, predicting forest fire danger on, ) showed up at festivals and department stores. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Smokey Bear was born on Aug. 9, 1944, when the U.S. Forest Service and the Ad Council agreed that a fictional bear would be the symbol for their joint effort to promote forest fire prevention. His highest times came during the runup to the 1976 bicentennial, when he spurred the campaign to Clean Up America For Our 200th Birthday. He made cameos on Fat Albert. There was also a realbear named Smokey Bear, but he was named after the cartoon, not vice versa. Its Smokey Bear, not Smokey the Bear. But all wood things must come to an end, and Woody was eventually chopped out of the public consciousness, overshadowed by newer, fresher mascotslike those well meet below. promising to feed birds, protect flowers, and stop fishing in their neighbors streams without permission. Dont refuel a car when the engine is hot. Yet, in close proximity to forests, it presents certain wildfire risks and harms the environment, not to mention that it is illegal in many countries and the US states. If your picture shows a person or people (or animals! describe their position (e.g. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate. But even this was not enough to dethrone the bear and place Johnny at the helm of Americas environmental conscience. In this regard, for wildfire prevention reasons, it is ultimately important to obey the applicable laws and restrictions. The Forest Service and War Advertising Council introduced a bear as the fire prevention campaign symbol. Often, firefighters from across the country will be deployed to deal with just one in a different part of the country, depending on its severity. Its Spunky Squirrel!, A Striking Visual Compendium of All of Berlins Subway Stations, What the World's Largest Organism Reveals About Fires and Forest Health, Canopy Soil Is an Exciting Frontier in Forest Science, To Resurrect Jordan's Lost Forests, Plant a Seed in Hearts and Minds, Step Inside the Geometrically Stunning Fingal's Cave. Nobody wanted to be a Guberifand they were reminded of this fact frequently, as they pulled anti-Guberif postcards out of their mailboxes, ran into human-sized Guberifs at educational events, and drove over DONT BE A GUBERIFPREVENT FOREST FIRES painted on the tarmac outside highway rest stops. (Image: Youtube). Categories. First, working with spark-producing tools must be avoided near dry vegetation. In forest management to prevent wildfires, detecting temperature rises on the forest surface is essential because timely identification of the fire source allows mitigating losses. Postcard from 1951. News outlets picked up the story of the injured baby bear, and people all over the country called to check in on the cub. -- The CB radio term "smokey" came from Smokey Bear's hat, which was worn by sheriffs and state highway patrolmen for years before the Forest Service campaign started. But he was successful enough in his own time that Idaho Firewise, a new fire prevention group. The mascot seems to be adapting well to the next generation. For example, typical natural forces setting forests on fire are as follows: Therefore, in wildfire prevention, it is crucial to know wildfire hazards due to natural factors. Save for his ability to speak, Joe Beaver was otherwise a normal animal. Smokey died in 1976 and was returned to Capitan, New Mexico, where he is buried in the State Historical Park.This week, Smokey Bear celebrates his 70th birthday. Slash-and-burn practices are used for agricultural land expansion by cutting forests and burning dried vegetation. Surface Temperatures: Underhood. Smoking and flickering items often lead to wildfires, especially under extremely dry weather conditions. What are your memories of Welephant? Some scientists now believe that the simple idea that fire is bad has made some forests more susceptible to flamea phenomenon that they call the Smokey Bear effect. Areas where fires have been prevented for decades have simply been storing fuel, like underbrush growth and dead standing trees. There is no best spatial resolution. But he was successful enough in his own time that Idaho Firewise, a new fire prevention group, may bring him back. This website and associated newspapers adhere to the Independent Press Standards Organisation's But they also wanted to help them to understand logging and the benefits of good forest management.. A small creature with a large name, a cute hat, and a flannel shirt, Howdy was introduced in 1959 by the Pennsylvania Forestry Association, and went on to have a brief but illustrious career in litter prevention and outdoor etiquette. After Congress took Smokey Bear out of public domain in 1952, Nelson and Rollins penned a theme song wherein they added the infamous the to keep the rhythm. Did he visit your school? Woody, apoplectic at his humanfriends ignorance. Every weekday we compile our most wondrous stories and deliver them straight to you. His highest times came during the runup to the 1976 bicentennial, when he spurred the campaign to Clean Up America For Our 200th Birthday. He made cameos on, . Offer available only in the U.S. (including Puerto Rico). A digital forest monitoring tool blending powerful remote sensing technology with data science and excellent user experience. You know Smokey the Bearbut have you met Woody the Smiling, AnimatedLog? You can click I accept to accept all cookies, and you can review the cookies used in our Privacy Policy here. Prune away the lower limbs of evergreens that are within the fire safe zone. Please report any comments that break our rules. Clue: Fire prevention mascot. The was added when songwriters penned Smokeys tune. The Forest Service has no plans to force out their 75-year-old mascot, who is also at the center of a merchandise industry. The orphaned cub was rescued from charred tree, and his paws and hind legs were bandaged by veterinarians in SantaFe. Our goal is to ensure the UK-FA is friendly, helpful, inexpensive, providing confidence and or . What are forest fire prevention methods when dealing with tools and vehicles? Remove any limbs which overhang the roof or chimney. Your Privacy Choices (Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads). We are recognized in the UK fire trade as being the first choice for small and medium sized enterprises to turn to for help and support. (Image: Forest History Service), The strategy worked, and soon kids all around were wearing Spunky Squirrel buttons, flinging Spunky Squirrel frisbees, and watching the rodent himself appear on Romper Room. Nobodys sung the accolades of Woodsy Owl on a national program.. EOS.com uses cookies which are necessary for this site to operate properly, and some of which are used for improving your experience with us. The Bambi-themed poster campaign was successful, but Walt Disney Studios loaned the character for only a year. And as for the confusion between the name Smokey Bear and Smokey the Bear, songwriters Steve Nelson and Jack Rollins are to blame. Data returned from the Piano 'meterActive/meterExpired' callback event. And for almost as long, weve had Smokey Bear, sweetly but insistently reminding each of us of our role in protecting the country from this danger: Rememberonly you can prevent forest fires.. He appears on posters and other advertisements as part of campaigns sponsored by the U.S. Forest Service and state foresters. For this reason, it is always necessary to follow forest fire prevention tips. depts.washington.edu, 1910.106 - Flammable liquids. Forest History Society via Flickr //CC BY-NC 2.0. A number of the men who subsequently joined the American armed forces were firefighters, and their absence left the forests largely unprotected. Educating individuals, organisations and communities as a whole about these risks can go a long way to forging an understanding of how these behaviours contribute to the problem, and how modifying them forms part of the solution. Sixty-six years after he was introduced in a poster (in part to keep U.S. citizens alert for incendiary bombs fired by the Japanese during World War II), it's time to declare Smokey Bear the greatest symbol in public-service advertising history. Do you have any photos. The Woodsy Owl "give a hoot, don't pollute" television spots of the 1970s had a lot in common with Sid and Marty Krofft's best work. Editors' Code of Practice. beautyrest heated blanket replacement cord; university of rochester job placement; what did gee your hair smells terrific smell like; spangdahlem air base closing By 1949, 24 states had Keep Green programs, and by the 1960s, Keep California Green decided they should have their own mascot. Although all were eventually defeated by Smokey and his sidekick, Woodsy Owl, they still have things to teach us. He has since been adopted as a mascot by national charity the Children's Burns Trust. What are wildfire precaution requirements when entertaining with fireworks? 7 Little Words Daily Puzzle January 19 2022 Answers. nashauna johnson update; roiling vortex explained; ruger revolvers single action; izuku has a villain quirk fanfiction; how to make a spider out of recycled materials; uk forest fire prevention mascot . Materials are available exclusively through fire departments nationwide. Farewell, Johnnywe hardly knew you. When visiting the countryside, including the nation's forests, remember to be tick aware because they can cause diseases such as Lyme disease. The main contributors are slash-and-burn practices, debris burning on the agricultural lands and households close to forests, and the use of flammable liquids. Little Smokey, pet of the U.S. Forest Service Ranger Station at Frazier Park, nurses aching paws and a hurt expression. The combination of dead vegetation which builds up over the winter can lead to spate conditions for such fires. As a subscriber, you are shown 80% less display advertising when reading our articles. Closed Mondays. (Images: Forest History Society), If any mascot came close to taking over for Smokey, it was Johnny Horizona clean-cut, square-jawed ranger whose love of country showed through his kind eyes and his strong hands, which seemed to constantly point downwards at the land.

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