fault lines in puget sound

TTY Relay 711. The ultimate driver of the stresses that cause earthquakes are the motions of the tectonic plates: material from the Earth's mantle rises at spreading centers, and moves out as plates of oceanic crust which eventually are subducted under the more buoyant plates of continental crust. It is uncertain how these faults relate to the structure, and whether they are deep-seated faults, or fractures due to bending of the shallow crust. [107], The Seattle Fault was first identified in 1965[108] but not documented as an active fault until 1992 with a set of five articles establishing that about 1100 years ago (AD 900930) an earthquake of magnitude 7+ uplifted Restoration Point and Alki Point, dropped West Point (the three white triangles in the Seattle Basin on the map), caused rockslides in the Olympics, landslides into Lake Washington, and a tsunami on Puget Sound. fault Which of the following statements best describes elastic-rebound theory? Puget Sound, Washington has had: (M1.5 or greater) 0 earthquakes in the past 24 hours. Seattle Fault - Wikipedia The Seattle Fault crosses east-west through Puget Sound and downtown Seattle. The Doty Fault/Chehalis Basin sequence follows the cross-section X-X' shown on the, The long-range mapping plan area and current status of planned mapping can be seen at, For the County's interpretation of the geological hazard and anticipated impacts of a major earthquake, see the, Interstate 5 runs nearly due north from Everett to Mount Vernon, except for a stretch southeast of Conway that parallels one of these low-amplitude folds. Geographic boundaries of Puget Sound and the Salish Sea Recent EQ List This forms a pocket or trough what one local geologist calls the "big hole between the mountains"[17] between the Cascades on the east and the Olympic Mountains and Willapa Hills on the west. It's the other counties in the Puget . [45] The Leech River Fault has been identified as the northern edge of the Crescent Formation (aka Metchosin Formation, part of the Siletzia terrane that underlies much of western Washington and Oregon). [19] These terranes were covered by the basalts of the Crescent Formation (part of Siletzia). [154] In this view Hood Canal is only a syncline (dip) between the Olympic Mountains and the Puget Lowland, and such faults as have been found there are local and discontinuous, ancillary to the main zone of faulting to the west. There are other tsunami scenarios that are not accounted for in these maps, such as tsunamis caused by . Turkey's fault line is similar to faults under Puget Sound (Not included in QFFDB. 206-296-3830. Newport Inglewood Rose Canyon Fault Zone. [47], To the southeast the SWIF passes through Admiralty Inlet (past Port Townsend) and across the southern part of Whidbey Island, crossing to the mainland between Mukilteo and Edmonds. South of Monroe the folds of the Rogers Belt are obscured by subsequent volcanic formations, but other faults parallel to the RMFZ (e.g., the Snoqualmie Valley and Johnson's Swamp fault zones) extend the general trend of NNW faulting as far as Monroe. Puget Sound Tsunami Simulation - National Oceanic and Atmospheric ISNS Ch 5 Flashcards | Quizlet King County Emergency Management. 182-3]", "Western limits of the Seattle fault zone and its interaction with the Olympic Peninsula, Washington", "Seismic reflection imaging across the eastern portions of the Tacoma fault zone", "The western extension of the Seattle fault: new insights from seismic reflection data", "Seismic Characterization of the Seattle and Southern Whidbey Island Fault Zones in the Snoqualmie River Valley, Washington", "Fault number 552, Hood Canal fault zone", "Radiocarbon Ages of Probable Coseismic Features from the Olympic Peninsula and Lake Sammamish, Washington", "Geologic map of the Summit Lake 7.5-minute quadrangle, Thurston and Mason Counties, Washington", "The Olympia structure; ramp or discontinuity? "Most often, when we think of tsunamis, we think of our outer coast and communities along the Pacific Ocean. Especially as seismic reflection data[135] shows some faulting continuing east across Vashon Island and the East Passage of Puget Sound (the East Passage Zone, EPZ) towards Federal Way and an east-striking anticline. When the applied stresses become overpowering, the rocks at the fault rupture. Publication Year: 2010: Title: A magnitude 7.1 earthquake in the Tacoma Fault Zone A plausible scenario for the southern Puget Sound region, Washington: DOI: 10.3133/fs20103023: Authors: The uplift and basin pattern is continued to the west and southwest by the Grays Harbor Basin, Willapa Hills Uplift, and Astoria Basin,[25] but it is not known if these are bounded by faults in the same manner as in the Puget Sound region. This interpretation suggests that the Seattle Uplift acts as a rigid block, and possibly explains the kinematic linkage by which large earthquakes may involve ruptures on multiple faults: the Seattle, Dewatto, and Tacoma faults represent the northern, western, and southern faces of a single block. [74], Early Eocene igneous units in the area appear to be part of a 49- to 44- Ma magmatic belt that appeared just after the arrival of Siletzia, and possibly associated with that event. Olympia VA Clinic at VA Puget Sound health care, 253-583-2621 Turkey's fault line is similar to faults under Puget Sound The Puget Sound faults under the heavily populated Puget Sound region (Puget Lowland) of Washington state form a regional complex of interrelated seismogenic (earthquake-causing) geologic faults. Cluster of earthquakes in Puget Sound considered 'normal', earthquake researchers say. [200], Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier are located where their associated fault zones make a bend (see map, above).[201](Mt. Discovery of faults has been greatly facilitated with the development of LIDAR, a technique that can generally penetrate forest canopy and vegetation to image the actual ground surface with an unprecedented accuracy of approximately one foot (30cm). ), The Coast Range Boundary Fault (CRBF) is hypothesized, expected on the basis of tectonic considerations, which may correlate in part with one or more currently known faults, or may involve as yet undiscovered faulting. ), Aeromagnetic mapping in 1999 showed a very prominent anomaly[172] (such as typically indicates a contrast of rock type); that, along with paleoseismological evidence of a major Holocene earthquake, has led to a suggestion that this structure "may be associated with faulting". If, as this model suggests, the various faults are interconnected within the thrust sheet, there is a possibility that one earthquake could trigger others. [181] What is unknown is whether this was due to a great subduction earthquake, to the noted earthquake on the Seattle Fault about that time, or to an earthquake on a local fault (e.g., the Olympia structure); there is some evidence that there were two earthquakes over a short time period. Tsunami waves would reach Seattle within minutes after earthquake [138] It arises from the contrast between the denser and more magnetic basalt of the Crescent Formation that has been uplifted to the east, and the glacial sediments that have filled the Dewatto basin to the west. The study was. [104] Although there is no direct evidence for any major north-striking faults under Seattle, this prospect appears to be endorsed by the geological community.[105]. A UW researcher says the fault line that caused earthquake that shook southern Turkey near the Turkish-Syrian border this week and killed more than 7,000 people is similar to the faults under Puget Sound. Olympic Peninsula, Washington has had: (M1.5 or greater) 0 earthquakes in the past 24 hours. The 1949, 1965, and 2001 Puget Sound earthquakes were the result of _____ fault movement within the Juan de Fuca plate. Black squares are urban sewer outfalls, which don't match the bubble plumes' locations. About 1,100 years ago, a major earthquake rocked Puget Sound, suddenly shooting what is now Restoration Point on Bainbridge Island up about 23 feet while Seattle 's West Point sunk more than. [170] Gower, Yount & Crosson (1985), labelling it "structure L", mapped it from Shelton (near the Olympic foothills) southeast to Olympia (pretty nearly right under the state Legislature), directly under the town of Rainier, to a point due east of the Doty Fault, and apparently marking the northeastern limit of a band of southeast striking faults in the Centralia-Chehalis area. [116] Subsequent authors were confident enough to trace the fault west of Bremerton to just north of Green Mountain (the northwestern corner of the Blue Hills uplift see "E" on the map a topographically prominent exposure of uplifted basalt) and just short of Hood Canal;[117] but reluctant to map the fault further west as the distinctive aeromagnetic lineament used to locate the Seattle Fault dies out just west of Bremerton. The passive roof duplex model of Brocher et al. We use an extensive network of marine high-resolution and conventional industry seismic-reflection data to constrain the location, shallow structure, and displacement rates of the Seattle fault zone and crosscutting high-angle faults in the Puget Lowland of western Washington. PSE | Energize Eastside Improvements Project (A tsunami generated by a quake on the offshore Cascadia Subduction Zone would be . For the following reviews the primary source of information is the U.S. Geological Survey's Quaternary fault and fold database (QFFDB), which includes details of discovery, a technical description, and bibliography for each fault; a specific link is provided (where available) at the end of each section. [125] While some coherency is developing, the story is not complete: identified faults do not yet account for much of the region's seismicity. The Puget Sound Region is crisscrossed by fault lines and zones and also located close to the Cascadia Subduction Zone, where the Juan de Fuca and North American tectonic plates meet. Scientists look for answers in methane bubbles rising from bottom of It follows the Bainbridge Island ferry route east under Puget Sound and the route of Interstate 90 toward, and possibly beyond, the Cascade Mountains. This fault produced a large earthquake that left a geologic record of surface offsets about 1100 years ago. [66] This is located on a topographical lineament that aligns with Mount Vernon to the north, and, to the south, the city of Granite Falls and Lake Chaplain (just north of Sultan). A similar line aligns with the termination of the WRZ, SHZ, and Gales Creek Fault Zone (northwest of Portland), with faulting along the upper Nehalem River on the Oregon coast,[211] and a topographical contrast at the coast (between Neahkahnie Mountain and the lower Nehalem River valley) distinct enough to be seen on the seismicity map above (due west of Portland). How the CRBF might run north of Seattle (specifically, north of the OWL, which Seattle straddles) is unknown, and even questioned, as there is no direct evidence of such a fault. Thick glacial and other deposits, heavy vegetation, urban development, and a topography of sharp relief and rapid erosion obscures the surface expression of faults in this region, and has hindered their discovery. Prior to 2000, prominent aeromagnetic anomalies strongly suggested that the fault zone continued southeast, perhaps as far as the town of Duvall, but this was uncertain as the SWIF is largely concealed, and the faint surface traces generally obliterated by urban development. The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) reported at least three earthquakes within the past few days. Slippage along the SWIF would be expected to continue east-southeast until it merged with the OWL, but instead appears to be taking a shortcut ("right step") along the RMFZ. Plot Type: X-Section Depth Cumulative # Mag-Time. In the previous study seismicity, surface geology, and geophysical data were modeled in order to examine the fault structuring of the upper crust. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems , 2021; 23 (1) DOI: 10.1029/2021GC010211 Cite This Page : Though these faults have been traced for only a little ways, the southeast striking anticlines they are associated with continue as far as Riffe Lake, near Mossyrock. The mapped surface traces are only 5km long, but LIDAR-derived imagery shows longer lineaments, with the traces cutting Holocene alluvial traces. Curiously, the extension of line "B" north of the OWL is approximately the eastern limit of Puget Sound seismicity, the rest of southwestern Washington and the North Cascades being relatively aseismic (see the seismicity map, above). Interpretation of the eastern part of the Tacoma Fault is not entirely settled. [73] The presence of detritus from the Idaho Batholith[72] indicates a former location closer to southern Idaho. Arcos' work suggests. The Cascadia Fault is 620 miles long off the coast of Washington and British Columbia. [109] It extends as far east as (and probably terminates at) the Rattlesnake Mountain Fault Zone (RMFZ; the southern extension of the SWIF) near Fall City. (2001),[111] relying on seismic tomography data from the "Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound" (SHIPS) experiment, retains the thrusting slab and master ramp concepts, but interprets the Tacoma fault as a reverse fault (or back thrust) that dips north towards the south dipping Seattle fault (see diagram); as a result the Seattle Uplift is being popped up like a horst. Energize Eastside project is building a new substation and upgrading approximately 16 miles of existing transmission lines from Redmond to Renton. This structure is shown in the gravitational mapping of 1965, but without comment. Seattle Fault Zone in Central Puget Sound Washington Military Department FEMA Emergency Management Division . Active tectonics of the Seattle fault and central Puget sound Energy builds up as elastic strain in rocks. [Paper No. They interpreted it as "simple folds in Eocene bedrock", though Sherrod (1998) saw sufficient similarity with the Seattle Fault to speculate that this is a thrust fault. Accommodation of strain (displacement) between the Seattle Fault and the Saddle Mountain deformation zone is likely distributed across the more pliable sediments of the Dewatto Basin; this, and the greater depth to the Crescent Formation, may account for the subdued expression of the Seattle Fault west of Green Mountain. This fault seems to be associated with the Kingston arch anticline, and part of the uplift and basin pattern, but shortened because of the geometry of the SWIF. In the angle between these is located the minor Lincoln Creek uplift, the Doty Hills, and, further west, an impressive chunk of Crescent basalt. See. [92] This is where the SWIF encounters the edge of the Western and Eastern Melange Belts (remnants of a mid-Cretaceous subduction zone[93]); the RMFZ is where the Seattle Uplift is being forced against the Western Melange belt[94], To the north the Melange Belt is manifested as the Rogers Belt, a zone of low-amplitude folding stretching from Monroe to Mount Vernon; the apparent western edge of this zone is on-strike with the RMFZ. [187] Such a length would be comparable to the length of the Seattle or Tacoma faults, and capable of an earthquake of M 6.7. On the other hand, the contrasting character of the east-striking and southeast-striking segments is unsettling, and the change of direction somewhat difficult to reconcile with the observed fault traces. Since 2000 studies of LIDAR and high-resolution aeromagnetic data have identified scarps near Woodinville which trenching has confirmed to be tectonically derived and geologically recent. Geologic Map. The lowest exposed strata of Tiger Mountain, the mid-Eocene marine sediments of the Raging River formation, may be correlative with the SWCC. Just four miles (6km) south the city of Oak Harbor straddles several stands of the Utsalady Point Fault (UPF) as they head roughly east-southeast towards Utsalady Point at the north end of Camano Island. 3511 NE Second St. Renton, WA 98056. Let's make your home safer It appears the entire DDMFZ and Leech River fault system was pushed onto the early continental margin from an original alignment along the OWL. The Doty fault has been mapped from the north side of the Chehalis airport due west to the old logging town of Doty (due north of Pe Ell), paralleled most of that distance by its twin, the Salzer Creek Fault, about half a mile to the north. Most of this thrust sheet consists of the Crescent Formation (corresponding to the Siletz River volcanics in Oregon and Metchosin Formation on Vancouver Island), a vast outpouring of volcanic basalt from the Eocene epoch (about 50 million years ago), with an origin variously attributed to a seamount chain, or continental margin rifting (see Siletzia). 2-5 Cruises Age 60s. Piecing together the puzzle of the Seattle Fault Zone Several possible explanations of the enhanced conductivity have been considered; Eocene marine sediments containing brine are most likely (. If the entire 125km length ruptured in a single event the resulting earthquake could be as large as magnitude 7.5. [5] The southern limit nearly matches the southern limit of the glaciation; possibly the seismicity reflects rebound of the upper crust after being stressed by the weight of the glacial ice. The Seattle fault zone is where the forward edge of the slab, coming to the top of the ramp, breaks and slips into the Seattle Basin. 6 earthquakes in the past 7 days. [29] This prospect is especially intriguing as a possible explanation of a cluster of seismic events around 1100 years ago.[30]. Aeromagnetic anomaly maps (USGS OFR 99-514). [28] Faults and folds may develop where the thrust sheet is being bent, or where the leading edge is thrust over softer, weaker sedimentary deposits, and breaks off and slumps. These faults are: the Kopiah Fault (note the curious curve), Newaukum Fault, Coal Creek Fault, and three other unnamed faults. At the edge of this older rock is the Rogers Belt, a geologically interesting zone running from the area of Sultan (due east of Everett) to Mount Vernon (just north of the bend in the Devils Mountain Fault). Crustal Faults | Pacific Northwest Seismic Network [106] There is an intriguing view from Stanley, Villaseor & Benz (1999) (see Fig. The magnitude-4.0 earthquake that rattled people awake across the Puget Sound region last Wednesday probably struck on the western edge of the Seattle Fault, according to geologists. Although the southwest striking Canyon River Fault is not seen to directly connect with the Saddle Mountain faults, they are in general alignment, and both occur in a similar context of Miocene faulting (where Crescent Formation strata has been uplifted by the Olympics) and a linear aeromagnetic anomaly. But. Click a second point on the map, this will be the right side of the cross-section. For information about the Energize Eastside project, . A different mountain and fault zone of the same name are located near Pasco; see QFFDB Fault #565), The southern end of Rattlesnake Mountain is truncated at the OlympicWallowa Lineament (OWL), and the faults turn easterly to merge with the OWL. [57] Mapping of areas further east that might clarify the pattern is not currently planned. It is coincident with, and possibly a result of uplift on, the Rattlesnake Mountain Fault Zone (RMFZ), a band of at least eleven faults that show both dip-slip (vertical) and right-lateral strike-slip motion. [130] This is likely not coincidental, as it appears that the Tacoma and Seattle faults converge at depth (see diagram above) in a way that northsouth compression tends to force the Seattle Uplift up, resulting in dip-slip movement on both fault zones. King County Emergency News. [195] The southwestern boundary of the SWCC, where it is believed to be in near vertical contact with the Eocene basalts of the Crescent Formation, forms a good part of the 90km (56 mile) long SHZ. West of Puget Sound the tectonic basement of the Coast Range geologic province is the approximately 50 million year (Ma) old marine basalts of the Crescent Formation, part of the Siletzia terrane that underlies western Washington and Oregon. Fault lines in the New Madrid seismic zone are being mapped, thanks in part to . Geologic map of southwestern Washington (GM-34). The Bellingham BayChaplain fault zone was first mapped by Cheney in 1976 as running from near Chaplain Lake (north of Sultan) NNW past Bellingham Bay. The Seattle Fault is the most studied of the regional faults, which has led to several models of its structure, which may also be relevant to other faults. A new view is developing that the regional tectonic boundary is not under Hood Canal, but just to the west, involving the Saddle Mountain fault zone (discussed below) and associated faults. $30-$33/hr Electrician Job at University of Puget Sound [46] Seismic tomography studies show that this portion of the SWIF marks a strong contrast of seismic velocities, such as is expected of Crescent Formation basalts in contact with the metamorphic basement rocks of the Cascades geologic province to the east. 1 - 10 of 83 American Seattle Cruise Reviews. Methane Plume Emissions Associated With Puget Sound Faults in the Cascadia Forearc CC BY 4.0 Authors: H. Paul Johnson University of Washington Seattle S. G. Merle National Oceanic and. Doubts on the connectivity of these faults led to abandonment of this name in 1986[65] when Cheney mapped the Mount Vernon fault (MVF) from near Sultan northwest past Lummi Island (west side of Bellingham Bay, visible at the top of the map), crossing the Devils Mountain Fault (DMF, part of the DarringtonDevils Mountain Fault Zone) near Mount Vernon. The Seattle fault isn't a single strand, but a zone of subterranean fractures that extends across Puget Sound, passing under Seattle and reaching as far east as Issaquah. [178] Alternately, the OS appears to coincide with a gravitational boundary in the upper crust that has been mapped striking southeast to The Dalles on the Columbia River,[179] where there is a swarm of similarly striking faults. At the northern end the right-lateral McMurray Fault Zone (MFZ) straddles Lake McMurray, just south of the Devils Mountain Fault, and is suspected of being a major bounding fault. The northern end of the Crescent Formation (aka Metchosin Formation) has been identified as the eastwest trending Leech River Fault on the southern tip of Vancouver Island. Those Hollywood depictions of a. Folding and faulting has exposed these basalts in some places (black areas in diagram); the intervening basins have been filled by various sedimentary formations, some of which have been subsequently uplifted. Black lines show the South Whidbey Island Fault Zone, the Seattle Fault Zone and the Tacoma Fault Zone. Hood Canal marks an abrupt change of physiography between the Puget Lowland and the Olympic Mountains to the west. There is no firm evidence that this has occurred in the Seattle fault zone near Puget Sound, although a low terrace of 1 m or less formed during a moderate earthquake would be difficult to. 4 earthquakes in the past 30 days. 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