ammonium sulfide reacts with hydrochloric acid

ethanol Put one of the cotton wool wads in the mouth of the ammonia bottle and carefully invert it to soak one side of it. Addition reactions are the opposite of elimination reactions. What is are the functions of diverse organisms? 1) Carbonates react with acids to produce a salt, water, and carbon dioxide. Problem #37: Solid sodium hydroxide reacts with an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride to form water and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride. Question: Can you solve 13 and 14 13) solid bismuth (III) sulfide and hydrochloric acid react 14) antimony (III) iodide reacts with ammonium sulfide This problem has been solved! Double Displacement 14. For example, substituting two of the chlorine atoms on chloroform (CHCl3) with fluorine atoms produces chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2). Kauna unahang parabula na inilimbag sa bhutan? 100% (1 rating) Transcribed image text: Solid lead (II) sulfide reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to form solid lead (II) chloride and dihydrogen sulfide gas. Butane is burned with dry air at 40C^{\circ} \mathrm{C}C, 100 kPa, with AF = 22 on a mass basis. This is a resource from thePractical Chemistry project, developed by the Nuffield Foundation and the Royal Society of Chemistry. If you did the same thing with the reaction between ammonia solution and dilute sulfuric acid: 2NH4OH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4 + 2H2O(l). Reaction of antimony with air. You have seen ammonia gas reacting with hydrogen chloride gas above. NH4NO3(aq) + K2S(aq) ---> KNO3(aq) + (NH4)2S(aq). A pair of electrons located on the nitrogen atom may be used to form a chemical bond to a Lewis acid such as boron trifluoride (BF 3). The pH of ammonia solution is typically between 11 and 12 depending on its concentration. Ammonium sulfide is reacted with hydrochloric acid? Legal. That means that each substance ionizes 100% to give this total ionic equation: Everything is identical on each side of the arrow, so everything is eliminated for being a spectator ion. 3) The answer is no, neither MgSO4 nor CuCl2 are insoluble. Acids and bases (ex: hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide) generally results in generation of excessive heat, including boiling over. Hydrochloric acid contact with the eyes or skin can cause serious, permanent damage. This is an example of a carbonate-acid reaction, which in itself is a double-replacement reaction followed by a decomposition reaction. Question #fee47 Question #c5c15 Question #19eb9 Question #e2ea2 . Assume excess ICl3. Calculate the concentration of the NaOH solution. 8 What happens when ammonia gas reacts with water? calcium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid net ionic equation. Another NR: Predict the products of KI and HCl reacting in aqueous solution. This type of question is not commonly asked. A demonstration with a dramatic colour change, Nothing tends to imprint chemical facts upon the mind so much as the exhibition of interesting experiments - Samuel Parkes, 1816. (1) N a 2 O + H 2 O 2 N a O H. Reaction with acids: As a strong base, sodium oxide also reacts with acids. acid (1) + base (2) base (1) + acid (2) (The double arrows, , indicate that the products can re-form the reactants in a dynamic process.). As the name implies, one molecule is added to another. A concentrated solution of sodium oxide in water will have pH 14. Potassium chromate reacts with lead (II) nitrate. How many grams of water are required to form 75.9 g of HNO3? Method for producing aqueous solution of perrhenic acid from rhenium It will react with hot concentrated H 2 SO 4, with HNO 3, and with aqua regia. 2HgO(s) 2Hg (l) + O2(g). NR. FeS + 2(HCl) --> H2S + FeCl2, PbS(s) + 2HCl(aq) ---> PbCl2(s) + H2S(g). The concentrated hydrochloric acid and the 880 ammonia solution are easier to handle in small bottles than in Winchesters (large bottles) for this demonstration. Working in the fume cupboard, clamp the glass tube at either end, ensuring that it is horizontal. Put the cotton wool wad into the other end of the glass tube. Bismuth (III) chloride reacts with hydrogen sulfide. 5.00 1024 molecules HCl. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. All four substances are soluble in solution and all four substances ionize in solution. 15. 56.0 g HCl. It's a double replacement. It is alkaline, and so you would expect it to react with acids. 6.00 1024 molecules HCl Ammonia is an example of a Lewis base. Consult the Stanford Chemical Safety Database to determine the Storage or Compatibility Group of chemicals intended for mixing. Pb2+(aq) + 2KCl(aq) PbCl2(s) + 2K+(aq) Examples: Hydrogen Peroxide, Ammonium Persulfate, Characteristic Reactions of Tin Ions (Sn, Sn) What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? Calcium acetate precipitates. Which capital is farther north Salt Lake City Utah or Carson City Nevada? This product undergoes a further reaction when heated strongly. For example, the light blue colour of a solution of Cu2+ ions in water is due to the [Cu(H2O)6]2+ ion. How many 5 letter words can you make from Cat in the Hat? carbon dioxide gas The percent yield? Both are valid ways of writing the equation. Sodium oxalate reacts with calcium chloride. Bismuth (III) chloride reacts with hydrogen sulfide. Wear splash-proof goggles and take particular care to avoid skin contact. Perchloric acid can react with wood or paper to form cellulose perchlorate which can spontaneously combust. A spectacular reversible reaction - RSC Education Examples: Nitric Acid, Sulfuric Acid, Chromic Acid, Perchloric Acid In fact, a question could be worded so as to require the above equation as an answer. These can be considered to be attached to the central ion by coordinate (dative covalent) bonds. This is a simple example of ammonia reacting with an acid to make a salt. What are the molecular and net ionic equations? Acids react with metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates in the same way. It typically takes just a few minutes for the ring to form, but the exact time will depend on the dimensions of the tube, the amount of the solutions which are put on the cotton wool wads and the temperature of the room. (NH4)2S(aq) + 2HCl(aq) ------> 2NH4Cl(aq) + H2S(g), The balanced equation is: It is definitely less bother writing these equations starting from ammonia itself rather than ammonium hydroxide. So, the correct answer to this problem is: Problem #47: Based on the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when solutions of CuSO4(aq) and MgCl2(aq) are mixed? When do ammonium ions and hydroxide ions react? The flame is bluish white. These terms are particularly useful in describing organic reactions. Diffusion of gases: ammonia and hydrogen chloride PbS (s) + HCl (aq)->PbCl, (s) +H, S (g) DA chemical reaction does not . When that happens there is no further change in the amounts of ammonia, water, ammonium ions and hydroxide ions present. Nothing precipitates. H 3 N: + BF 3 H 3 N BF 3 Ammonia, water, and many other Lewis bases react with metal ions to form a group of species known as coordination compounds. Ammonia contact with the eyes can cause serious, long-term damage. HCl(aq) + H2O (l) H3O+(aq) +Cl(aq) Using the Brnsted-Lowry theory, the reaction of ammonia and hydrochloric acid in water is represented by the following equation: NH3(aq) + HCl(aq) NH4+(aq) + Cl(aq) Hydrochloric acid and the chlorine ion are one conjugate acid-base pair, and the ammonium ion and ammonia are the other. It is alkaline, and so you would expect it to react with acids. If you plan to mix chemicals or wastes in a waste container or group them in a bag, tray or bucket, you must first determine whether any dangerous situations may result. H3N: + BF3 H3N BF3 Ammonia, water, and many other Lewis bases react with metal ions to form a group of species known as coordination compounds. This problem is illustrative of the main problem students face in doing net ionic problems: you have to know a large amount of seemingly random bits of information (like the fact that iron(III) chloride forms a complex). At the same time, ammonium ions and hydroxide ions are reacting to give ammonia and water. Once the reaction has occurred as completely as possible, what mass of the excess reactant is left? Never mix nitromethane with bases or amines. Expert Answer. Both reactants are soluble and strong electrolytes (they ionize 100% in solution). This demonstration can be used as an introduction to reversible reactions for ages 14-16, equilibrium at post-16, and as an example of entropy changes in solution. Concentrated solutions of this acid are extremely corrosive. 4) Here's one small change in the original equation: The Borax now has (s) behind it rather than (aq). This new arrow symbol shows that the reaction is reversible. Decomposition reactions are processes in which chemical species break up into simpler parts. You must allow the white smoke to escape and not distract from the colour change, and swirl the flask when necessary to produce a homogenous mixture. All four substances are soluble and ionize 100% in solution. Do you need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete? Do acids react with ammonium sulfate to form ammonia? In this theory, the reaction of an acid and base is represented as an equilibrium reaction. ammonia solution + an acid an ammonium salt + water. When concentrated hydrochloric acid is added, ligand exchange occurs: The empty 4s and 4p orbitals are used to accept a lone pair of electrons from each chloride ion. F. Luo, et al. (In the following equation, the colon represents an electron pair.) It does not store any personal data. Other articles where ammonium hydrosulfide is discussed: Jupiter: Cloud composition: they probably consist of condensed ammonium hydrosulfide and that their colour may be caused by other ammonia-sulfur compounds such as ammonium polysulfides. Chemistry of Cobalt - Chemistry LibreTexts Because the reflected wave is of the same amplitude as the incident, this is a typical standing wave pattern, varying periodically between 0 and 4A*A. Lead(II) ions can be precipitated from solution with KCl according to the following reaction: Practical Chemistry activities accompanyPractical PhysicsandPractical Biology. ammonium hydrosulfide | chemical compound | Britannica 2 ICl3 + 3 H2O ICl + HIO3 + 5 HCl, 3.00 1024 molecules HCl What happens when you mix hydrochloric acid with ammonia? This website uses cookies and similar technologies to deliver its services, to analyse and improve performance and to provide personalised content and advertising. In neutral or only slightly acidic solutions, zinc displaces tin from its compounds, forming the metal. Heating at higher temperatures results in decomposition into ammonia, nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, and water. + 2NaCl(aq). Sodium oxalate reacts with calcium chloride. If ammonia is the only product, what mass of ammonia is formed? The products are also both soluble and strong electrolytes. Hydrochloric acid is a solution of hydrogen chloride gas in water; ammonia solution is a solution of ammonia gas in water. In a particular experiment, 3.00-g samples of each reagent are reacted. Push the soaked end into one end of the glass tube. For each of the following reactions: A) Write a chemical equation for each of the reaction described below B) Balance the reaction (states of matter are not required for this assignment but would be good practice) Example: 1) D-carotene (C 40 H 36 ) is the chemical that gives carrots: their orange color. Writing a full molecular equation looks like this: Ba2+(aq) + 2CH3COO(aq) + Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl(aq) ---> Ca2+(aq) + 2CH3COO(aq) + Ba2+(aq) + 2Cl(aq) Problem #29: Write the net ionic equation for the following reaction: Please include state symbols in the answer. Black finely divided mercury metal and yellow mercury(II) oxide (\(\ce{HgO}\)) are precipitated by \(\ce{NaOH}\): Reducing agents, such as \(\ce{Sn^{2+}}\) and \(\ce{Fe^{2+}}\), reduce mercury(I) to the metal: Consult an activity series or a table of reduction potentials for other possible reducing agents. Problem #34: Write the net ionic equation for this reaction: The net ionic would not eliminate anything, however there would be one change from the molecular equation above: The one change is because calcium acetate is a strong electrolyte and, as such, should always be written as ions when in solution. You know NaCl is soluble. Problem #26: Complete the reaction & write the net ionic equation: There is a trick to this one. 1 Answer . Volumes of solutions in reactions - BBC Bitesize No reaction is visible, but Hg(II) will be present as \(\ce{[HgCl4]^{2-}}\). For the following reaction, compute the theoretical yield of product (in grams) for each of the following initial amounts of reactants: Problem #48: A boric acid solution is used in laboratory eye washes to neutralize ammonium hydroxide solutions that may have splashed into a student's or a technician's eyes. What is the gas produced when hydrochloric acid is reacted with ammonium? The trick with this demonstration is doing it on a large enough scale for the whole class to see clearly. The products are both soluble and ionize 100% in solution. This carbon dioxide gas is allowed to pass through lime water, turning it milky. Concentrated solutions give off hydrogen chloride and ammonia gases. Oh, and both reactants are soluble and ionize 100% in solution. The Brnsted-Lowry theory is often closely associated with the solvent water. Characteristic Reactions of Mercury Ions (Hg and Hg) For example, a common method of producing oxygen gas in the laboratory is the decomposition of potassium chlorate (KClO3) by heat. Differentiated worksheets guide learners to consider word equations, symbol equations and conservation of mass linked to simple decomposition reactions, Consolidate learning about simple displacement reactions with this game, followed by a formative assessment activity for the whole class, Use a combustible powder demo to engagestudents and teach them about safety in the lab, Use this fresh, fast approach to demonstratethe colourful oxidation states of vanadium, Give your students a sweet treat with this colourful manganate(VII) reaction demo, Get your students engaged in a flash with this impressive demo, Behaviour management in the chemistry classroom, 14 ways to teach sustainability in chemistry, Demonstrating the importance of surface area to rates of reaction, Brew up interest in redox with this quick reduction, Demonstrating the chameleon redox reaction with a lollipop, The production and combustion of nitrocellulose. However, As(OH)3 is actually arsenious acid. When 28.6 gKCl is added to a solution containing 25.8 gPb2+, PbCl2(s) forms. Information about your use of this website will be shared with Google and other third parties. Iron(II) sulfide reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the reaction: Urea (CH4N2O) is a common fertilizer that can be synthesized by the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with carbon dioxide as follows: Calculate the mass in grams of the product when 3.69 g of the starred reactant completely reacts. Nothing precipitates, no gas is formed. Ammonia solution reacts with hydrochloric acid (a solution of hydrogen chloride in water) in a similar way. 1) I'll work backwards through the equation: In addition, the water of hydration will be released and become part of the aqueous solvent. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. 5.02 g Answer (1 of 8): (NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4} + 2 NaOH \rightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4} + 2 NH_{4}OH 5.00 1024 molecules HCl Solved Write a balanced equation for each reaction. Double | Chegg.com In a substitution reaction, an atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms. Arsenic (III) oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid. I wrote "double replacement" because there really is no reaction. Group I: Oxidizing Acids: Inorganic acids that will often react violently with organics 187 g HCl 7.8 g Al and 25.2 g Cl2 Hence, it is written in ionic form, i.e. Using NH3, here is the non-ionic: As you can see, it's the same as the total ionic. Historically, this compound was made by fermentation. Antimony does not react with hydrochloric acid in the absence of oxygen. heat. What happens when ammonia comes in contact with hydrochloric acid? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. And another NR: What are the balanced molecular and net ionic equations for ammonium nitrate + potassium sulfide reacting? Copper has the electronic structure: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1. However, in this example, the sulfuric acid will react completely, so we treat it as fully dissociated. Acid-base Behavior of the Oxides - Chemistry LibreTexts A cotton swab is dipped into concentrated hydrochloric acid (producing hydrogen chloride gas) while a second on is dipped into concentrated aqueous ammonia (producing ammonia gas). The reaction between ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas. Examples: Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide Everything ionizes 100%. Substitution reactions are widely used in industrial chemistry. 2CHClF2(g) F2C=CF2(g) + 2HCl(g) This latter reaction is an example of an elimination reaction, a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom being eliminated from the starting material as hydrochloric acid (HCl). HCl(aq) + H2O (l) H3O+(aq) +Cl(aq) Using the Brnsted-Lowry theory, the reaction of ammonia and hydrochloric acid in water is represented by the following equation: NH3(aq) + HCl(aq) NH4+(aq) + Cl(aq) Hydrochloric acid and the chlorine ion are one conjugate acid-base pair, and the ammonium ion and ammonia are the . Why do people say that forever is not altogether real in love and relationship. At the same time, ammonium ions and hydroxide ions are reacting to give ammonia and water. Which gas is produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with carbonates? They are sold with an inhibitor to prevent this reaction. Reaction of acids - Acids, bases and salts - (CCEA) - BBC Almost instantly in this reaction, you will get to the point that the rates of these two reactions become the same. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Here's another NR: Which net ionic equation best represents the reaction that occurs when as aqueous solution of potassium nitrate is mixed with an aqueous solution of sodium bromide? The demonstrator should wear goggles and protective gloves. . 2.51 g At the same time, ammonium ions and hydroxide ions are reacting to give ammonia and water. These are relatively easily to prepare and isolate. So, we balance it: The three waters added back in balance the change from ammonia to ammonium as well as the three hydroxides on the chromium(III) hydroxide. Information about your use of this website will be shared with Google and other third parties. An equilibrium using copper (II) and ammonia - RSC Education The ring usually forms nearer to the hydrochloric acid end of the tube because hydrogen chloride diffuses more slowly than ammonia. Note that calcium hydroxide is shown fully ionized in solution. 6Li(s)+N2(g)2Li3N(s) \[\ce{HgS(s) + S2^{-}(aq) <=> [HgS2]^{2-}(aq)}\]. How many nieces and nephew luther vandross have? Answer link. yes or no, Part E) Would the answer in part B be different if there were appreciable air resistance? Examples: Alcohols, solvents like Hexane or Dichloromethane, Acetonitrile, Oil, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. Ammonia reacts with acids to produce ammonium ions. For example: Problem #40: What is the net ionic equation for dissolving solid glucose? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Problem #39: What is the net ionic equation for dissolving gaseous NH3? 0.230 g Al and 1.15 g Cl2. Ammonium sulfide reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce ammonium chloride and gaseous hydrogen sulfide. Ammonia doesn't just dissolve in water; it reacts with it. The reactants are both soluble and ionize 100% in solution. Information on Azide Compounds What are the Physical devices used to construct memories? I'll use it anyway. This collection of over 200 practical activities demonstrates a wide range of chemical concepts and processes. Let's start by writing a complete molecular equation: 3) Eliminate spectator ions to get the net ionic: However, nothing tells you to eliminate sodium ion until you actually do the problem. The other product is tetrafluoroethylene, a precursor to the polymer known commercially as Teflon. However, the distinction between square-planar and tetragonally-distorted octahedral coordination is not easily made. 6. sodium chloride + sulfuric acid sodium sulfate + hydrogen chloride (g) 2NaCl + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HClg methathesis. Aqueous ammonia reacts with Hg 2Cl 2 to produce metallic mercury (black) and mercury (II) amidochloride (white), a disproportionation reaction: Hg 2Cl 2(s) + 2NH 3(aq) Hg(l) + HgNH 2Cl(s) + NH + 4(aq) + Cl (aq) Aqueous Ammonia Aqueous ammonia produces a mixture of a white basic amido salt and metallic mercury: NH4OH(aq) + HCl(aq) NH4Cl(aq) + H2O(l). This is because there are no spectator ions. . 3.02 g With a small amount of ammonia, hydrogen ions are pulled off the hexaaqua ion exactly as in the hydroxide ion case to give the same neutral complex. Note that the hydroxide ion does not appear in this equation, a point differentiating the Arrhenius and Brnsted-Lowry theories. You could write this equation in two ways. excess HCl=0.662 mol-2 x 0.216 mol = 0.230 mols Problem #38: What is the net ionic equation for dissolving gaseous HCl? But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. When that happens there is no further change in the amounts of ammonia, water, ammonium ions and hydroxide ions present. 0.230 mols Looking at the equation, we can see that the amount of HCl consumed is twice the amount of FeS. February 22, 2023 . There is no arsenic(III) hydroxide. . However, it is best used as an opening for complex chemistry.1A complex ion has a metal ion at its centre with several other molecules or ions surrounding it. Consider the following balanced reaction. Use this practical to investigate how solutions of the halogens inhibit the growth of bacteria and which is most effective, The physics of restoration and conservation, RSC Yusuf Hamied Inspirational Science Programme, How to prepare for the Chemistry Olympiad, Read our standard health and safety guidance, C2.1f describe, explain and exemplify the processes of filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, and fractional distillation, Ammonia solutions react with acids to form soluble salts. Problem #35: Write the net ionic equation for this reaction: The lack of state symbols is deliberate. Problem #32: Write the net ionic equation for the following reaction: Problem #33: Complete the reaction & write the net ionic equation: Note the presence of solid magnesium hydroxide. The ammonia molecule picks up a hydrogen ion from the acid and attaches it to the lone pair on the nitrogen. Although a great deal of heat is generated, this has never been a problem. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The second method is more reflective of the actual chemical process. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Find an alternative 'reverse' approach suggestedhere. Read our privacy policy. 18. 2Al(s)+3Cl2(g)2AlCl3(s) Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Put the cotton wool wad into the other end of the glass tube. To form a Cu2+ ion a copper atom loses the 4s electron and one of the 3d electrons, leaving it with the electronic structure: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9. We say that the reaction has reached dynamic equilibrium. Answer to For each of the following reactions: A) Write a. The percent yield is calculated as the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield. Mercury(I) compounds often undergo disproportionation, producing black metallic mercury and mercury(II) compounds. Dynamic because the reactions are still going on; equilibrium because the amounts of everything present aren't changing. Reactions. Group C; Inorganic Bases: Chemicals that are corrosive to metals or skin. What is the reaction between ammonium and hydrochloric acid? Replace the lid on the bottle. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Chemists often classify reactions on the basis of the overall result. 2.17 moles KO2 (Remember that hydrogen ions present in solutions of acids in water are carried on water molecules as hydroxonium ions, H3O+.). Using rubber pumps, air (acting as gas-carrier) is injected in the gas-washing tubes causing the streams of ammonia and hydrogen chloride in air to collide and react giving the solid product, ammonium chloride. Phys. Problem #27: Write the complete ionic and net ionic equations for the following molecular equation: Note that the sulfuric acid is treated as fully dissociated. A reaction mixture initially contains 0.216 mol FeS and 0.662 mol HCl. Ammonia and hydrogen chloride combine to form a new compound. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". In the first one, you are showing the acid reacting with the majority of the ammonia which still exists as ammonia molecules. I like this: "Which . The reaction, represented by the equation H2 + Cl2 . The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. (1) Ag + ( aq) + Cl ( aq) AgCl ( s) For example, methane (CH4) reacts with chlorine (Cl2) to produce chloromethane (CH3Cl), a compound used as a topical anesthetic. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A method for allowing production of high-purity perrhenic acid from crude rhenium sulfide by applying a dry process is provided. Ammonia, NH3, is a gas with a very sharp smell which most people would recognise as the smell of wet nappies (diapers) which have been left a bit too long! S + H ---> H2S gas What is the balanced equation for the chemical reaction of sodium sulfide and hydrochloric acid? As(OH) in a weak acid with pKa = 9.2, and most of As(OH)3 in aqueous solution exists as molecules. When concentrated ammonia solution is added, copious quantities of white smoke are produced, heat is generated and the . Push the soaked end into one end of the glass tube. Hydrogen chloride may be formed by the direct combination of chlorine (Cl2) gas and hydrogen (H2) gas; the reaction is rapid at temperatures above 250 C (482 F). The fumes from ammonia solution and hydrochloric acid also react in the gas phase to produce a white cloud of solid ammonium chloride. What are the basics of chemical reactions?

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